Metafore našega časa
Silva Bratož
December 2010
228 str., 16 × 24 cm
Tiskana izdaja
ISBN 978-961-266-077-2
Klubska cena 14,40 €
Običajna cena 24,00 €
» Nakup
Elektronska izdaja
ISBN 978-961-266-078-9
» Celotno besedilo
Povzetek. Osnovni cilj monografije je ugotoviti, ali in na kakšen način metafore odražajo jezikovno in kulturno okolje, iz katerega izhajajo. Za ta namen smo se odločili za preučevanje metafor v predvolilnem političnem diskurzu na temelju kontrastivne analize. Osrednja teza dela je, da prihaja navzlic nekaterim skupnim prevladujočim metaforičnim konceptualizacijam volitev (npr. volitev kot bojevanja) med izbranimi jeziki do variacij, ki imajo kulturne razsežnosti.
V prvem delu sta predstavljena dva teoretična okvirja, ki v ospredje postavljata preučevanje metafor kot načina organizacije konceptualne strukture, in sicer konceptualna teorija metafore, ki se je razvila pod okriljem širšega področja kognitivnega jezikoslovja, ter kritična analiza metafore kot ena pomembnejših smeri kritične analize diskurza. Poudarili smo prednosti povezovanja teh dveh področij, saj smo ugotovili, da nam nudita številna uporabna orodja za preučevanje metafor v predvolilnem političnem diskurzu, in obenem opozorili na njune pomanjkljivosti.
V drugem delu naloge smo razvili model kontrastivne analize in razpravljali o številnih težavah, na katere lahko naletimo pri tovrstnem preučevanju, kot sta razvrščanje metafor in določanje metaforičnih izrazov na jezikovni ravni. Model smo nato uporabili v raziskavi v obliki dveh študij primera; v prvi smo analizirali metafore na osnovi izbranega korpusa člankov s predvolilno tematiko (ameriške volitve leta 2008) v različnih jezikih (slovenščini, angleščini, italijanščini, nemščini in hrvaščini), medtem ko je druga študija primera osredotočena na metafore, ki smo jih zasledili v časopisnem poročanju o slovenskih volitvah leta 2008, ter na primerjavo med prevladujočimi konceptualnimi metaforami in njihovimi realizacijami v slovenskih in ameriških volitvah.Rezultati raziskave so potrdili tezo, ki smo jo postavili v uvodu, saj smo ugotovili številne primere medjezikovnega in medkulturnega variiranja. Naša sklepna ugotovitev je, da razlike v konceptualiziranju volitev prek metafor izražajo različna razumevanja tega družbenega fenomena.
V zaključku smo predstavili odprta vprašanja, ki nakazujejo številne še nerešene dileme, in predloge za nadaljnje raziskovanje na področju preučevanja metafor, zlasti z vidika analize diskurza in upoštevajoč kontrastivni pristop.
Abstract. The book is geared towards establishing ways in which metaphors reflect the linguistic and cultural environments from which they emerge. The research is based on a contrastive analysis of conceptual metaphors used in the pre-election political discourse. It has been argued that while the selected languages share many metaphorical conceptualisations of elections (such as elections as fighting), there are also significant variations which have cultural implications.
The first part looks at two theoretical traditions which are focused on analysing metaphors as forms of organising conceptual structure, i.e. the conceptual theory of metaphor as one of the most prominent frameworks in the cognitive linguistics movement and critical metaphor analysis as an off-spring of critical discourse analysis. It is suggested that valuable methodological tools for researching metaphors in political discourse can be gained by combining these two traditions. In addition, a critical assessment of the two theories is provided.
The contrastive analysis model, developed in the second part, examines some important issues related to analysing metaphors contrastively, such as metaphor classification and the question of determining particular realisations of conceptual metaphors. The proposed model has been tested in two case studies: the first one looks at conceptual metaphors and their realisations in a corpus of pre-election articles related to the American elections in 2008 in five different languages (English, Slovene, Italian, German and Croatian), while the second one examines the pre-election discourse in Slovenian by analysing newspaper articles related to the Slovenian elections in 2008. In the last chapter, the results of the two case studies are discussed and compared. The results suggest that there are several cases of linguistic and cultural variation in the metaphorical conceptualisation of elections in the selected languages. It has been argued that these variations reflect different conceptions of this social phenomenon in the minds of the speakers of different languages.
In conclusion, several issues are advanced pointing to possibilities for further research, especially by exploiting the benefits of combining different approaches and disciplines and researching metaphors on a contrastive basis.